Midlife can be a very positive experience for a woman, but it can also bring about some unexpected challenges.
One of these is perimenopause – the circa 10-year phase leading up to menopause, when your periods stop.
Understanding the signs and symptoms of perimenopause helps women in midlife to navigate this phase.
What is the perimenopause?
Perimenopause is a natural biological process that typically occurs in a woman's midlife, usually in the 40s or early 50s, although it can start earlier for some.
During the perimenopause, the body undergoes hormonal changes that eventually lead to the menopause, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years. This transition can last anywhere from a few years to a decade or more.
During this time, fluctuating hormones – predominantly fluctuating and eventually declining oestrogen and declining progesterone – are responsible for a range of signs and symptoms.
Perimenopause: What to look out for
An irregular menstrual cycle
Changes in the menstrual cycle can be one of the earliest signs of perimenopause. Your periods may become irregular, with variations in cycle length and flow. Some women may experience heavier or lighter periods.
Hot flashes and night sweats
Hot flashes, characterised by sudden waves of heat and sweating, are perhaps the best-known symptom of perimenopause. Night sweats – hot flashes that occur during sleep – can disrupt your sleep patterns.
Vaginal changes
Women in perimenopause can have vaginal dryness, itching, and discomfort during intercourse, impacting sexual pleasure.
Mood swings
Women may experience mood swings, irritability, and even anxiety and depression.
Sleep disturbances
Sleep patterns can be disrupted, leading to insomnia or restless sleep. This can contribute to fatigue and exacerbate mood swings.
Weight gain
Many women notice weight gain, especially around the abdominal area, during perimenopause. Hormonal changes can slow down metabolism and alter fat distribution.
Changes in libido
Some women may experience a decrease in sexual desire or changes in sexual function.
Cognitive changes
Some women report memory lapses and difficulty concentrating during perimenopause. While these cognitive changes are typically mild, they can be frustrating and confusing if you don’t know why they are happening.
Fractures from minor falls
Bone density declines in perimenopause, increasing the risk of fractures and, eventually, can lead to osteoporosis.
Reduced muscle strength
Muscle mass is lost in perimenopause and, as a metabolically active tissue, this can lead to weight gain.
Conclusion
Perimenopause is a natural phase of life that can bring about significant changes in a woman's physical and emotional wellbeing.
By recognising the signs and symptoms and seeking appropriate guidance and support, women in midlife can successfully navigate the perimenopause.
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